西马文选 2016-2018 Selected Writings from Xima 2016–2018 第 03 篇 Section 03
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7、考古学家——我的生涯规划书 Archaeologist: My Career Planning Proposal
引言：现在社会是一个经济迅速发展的社会，也是一个充满竞争的社会。我们要提前做好自己的规划，对社会，对现在的就业形势，社会的政治环境、经济环境、文化环境有一个清醒的认识。对自己的性格能力都应有清醒的认识，只有这样我们才能更好适应社会，为社会做出更大的贡献，更好地实现自己的人生价值。
Introduction: Contemporary society experiences rapid economic expansion alongside fierce competition. We must plan ahead, maintaining a lucid grasp of employment trends, socio-political, economic, and cultural environments, as well as our own character and competencies. Only thus can we adapt, contribute to society, and realize our life’s value.
自我认识——自我是人生规划的核心
Self-Awareness: The Self as Core of Career Planning
我的个人特质：自己的性格比较活泼开朗，但有时候又比较内向，不太善于和同学交流；喜欢听歌，但不会唱歌；平时上上网，看看视频。在学习中我的理科都较好，文科也不错，我想我的逻辑思维有较好的潜能。在以后的学习中，我要努力改进自己的不足发扬自己的长处，让自己变得更优秀，争取以优异的成绩完成学业。
My Personal Traits: I am fairly lively and cheerful, but sometimes rather introverted and not very good at communicating with my classmates. I like listening to music but cannot sing; in my spare time, I browse the internet and watch videos. At school, I do fairly well in the sciences and also reasonably well in the humanities. I think I have good potential for logical thinking. In my future studies, I will work to overcome my weaknesses and develop my strengths, improve myself, and strive to complete my education with excellent results.
我的职业兴趣：我具有很强的学术思辨能力，从来不迷信于权威。我从小就喜欢思考问题，并善于发现问题。我是一个真诚的人，我想以真诚待人必将获得别人同等的真诚。我并不看重别人的回赠够不够多，只在乎我帮助别人的够不够多。“注重回报的帮助从一开始就不是帮助”。另外，我的价值取向是“知乐行善”，因此也就不会存在多少人际关系上的困惑，如果人际关系上有困惑那是因为你做得不够好！我从小在人际关系上就很少有过多纠缠。
My Career Interests: I have strong academic reasoning skills and never blindly believe in authority. Since childhood, I have liked thinking about problems and been good at identifying them. I am a sincere person, and I believe that treating others sincerely will surely bring the same sincerity in return. I do not attach much importance to whether others give me enough in return; I care only about whether I have done enough to help them. “Help offered with an eye to repayment is not help from the outset.” In addition, my values are “knowing joy and doing good,” so I do not have much confusion about interpersonal relationships. If you are confused about your relationships, it is because you have not done well enough! Since childhood, I have seldom become overly entangled in interpersonal relationships.
我的职业价值观：我想职业性向自己可能更倾向于实际性向、社会性向和企业性向，因为我们生活在一个客观的实实在在的社会中，我们必须去讲实际、从实际出发。这才是你成功最根本的，社会性向意味着你的生活离不开社会，你只有适应社会，才能受到社会的欢迎，你敢于拼搏敢于创造，才能更好的适应社会、服务社会。
My Career Values: I think my vocational orientation may lean more toward realistic, social, and enterprising types. We live in an objective, concrete society, so we must be practical and take reality as our starting point. This is the most fundamental basis for success. A social orientation means that your life is inseparable from society: only by adapting to society can you be welcomed by it, and only by daring to strive and create can you better adapt to and serve society.
个人经历——回望过去的我，发现未来的路
Personal Experience: Looking Back at My Past Self to Find the Road Ahead
小学：城市的一所小学，在这里，我培养了许多爱好。
Primary School: An urban primary school, where I cultivated diverse interests.
初中：城市的一所初中，在这里，我结交了许多朋友。
Junior High: An urban junior high school, where I made many friends.
高中：城市的一所高中，在这里，我提升了自我修养。
Senior High: An urban high school, where I elevated my personal cultivation.
环境分析
Environmental Analysis
家庭条件分析：我很喜欢买书，可是总是得想着家里的经济条件，虽然现在生活水平有所提高，对于一个要支付庞大费用的中产家庭来说，实在是没有更多的精力去供养这个孩子其他素质的培养了。父母总是砸锅卖铁为孩子的梦想尽自己的一切努力，多么感人的父爱母爱啊！
Analysis of My Family’s Circumstances: I really like buying books, but I always have to keep my family’s financial situation in mind. Although our standard of living has improved, a middle-class family with substantial expenses to cover really has no more resources to devote to developing this child’s other abilities. Parents always make every possible sacrifice and do everything they can for their child’s dreams. How moving a father’s and mother’s love can be!
学校条件分析：我们学校其实不乏好老师，各种硬件设施都居全国前列，提高了我的独立性。只要把自己的能力锻炼到最强，还怕学不好吗？而且我的一个初期目标是考上全年级前五十，然后顺利通过高考。
Analysis of School Conditions: Our school actually has no shortage of good teachers, and its various facilities rank among the best in the country; it has helped me become more independent. As long as I develop my abilities to their fullest, why should I fear not doing well in my studies? One of my initial goals is to rank among the top fifty in my year and then successfully pass the gaokao.
社会环境分析：的确，现代社会是一个理工科的社会，对于文科学生似乎找工作很难。因为现代社会科学是一切价值的最终价值，只有第一时间转换成生产力的工作和技能才能被社会给认同。这是由于社会对经济发展的过度关注造成的。但是我相信，在接下来的数十年中，“民族根”会愈发重要，考古学家的重要性是不可替代的。
Analysis of the Social Environment: Indeed, modern society is a society of science and engineering, and it seems difficult for humanities students to find jobs. This is because, in modern society, science is the ultimate value among all values: only work and skills that can immediately be translated into productive capacity are recognized by society. This results from society’s excessive focus on economic development. However, I believe that over the coming decades, “national roots” will become increasingly important, and the importance of archaeologists is irreplaceable.
职业分析——考古学家
Career Profile: Archaeologist
行业简介：考古活动对社会、国家的贡献是巨大而深远的，是一个必要的学科，而且必须得到发扬；但另一方面，考古是一个不被社会关注的行业，似乎它对我们的日常生活的作用并不明显。因此，考古学家注定是孤独的。考古学家的成长过程中受到了社会、国家、传统、学科的深刻影响，自身逐渐形成了一套思维模式以及独特的情感状态，这是一个学者现实的一面，他们无法也不可能摆脱。
Overview of the Field: Archaeological work makes enormous and far-reaching contributions to society and the country. Archaeology is a necessary discipline and must be developed further. On the other hand, it is a profession that receives little attention from society, and its role in our everyday lives does not seem obvious. Archaeologists are therefore destined to be lonely. As archaeologists grow, they are profoundly influenced by society, the country, tradition, and their discipline, gradually developing a set of thinking patterns and a distinctive emotional state. This is the reality-bound side of a scholar, from which they cannot and could not free themselves.
另一方面，学者毕竟要研究和解释，算是面对未来或者未知，于是就会产生自身独有的理性思维。在这个过程中，可以说在某种程度上学者与现实要产生距离才好。于是学者的现实性与个人理性之间要么产生矛盾要么就和谐相处。但是，学术要求创新，和谐在这个意义上来讲似乎就不那么合理了。所以，学者就终其一生不断重复这种持续产生的现实与持续产生的理性之间的阶段性和谐与矛盾之中，所以，考古学家是永远不能自满的一群人。
On the other hand, scholars must, after all, research and interpret things, which means facing the future or the unknown; they therefore develop their own distinctive rational thinking. In this process, one might say that it is better for scholars to maintain some distance from reality. Thus, a scholar’s grounding in reality and individual reason may either conflict or coexist harmoniously. Yet scholarship requires innovation, so harmony in this sense does not seem entirely appropriate. Scholars consequently spend their lives moving through phases of harmony and conflict between an ever-emerging reality and an ever-emerging reason. Archaeologists, then, are a group of people who can never be complacent.
行业现状：张光直先生说过一段话：“首先，我要向他道喜，因为他选择了一项前途无量的学科。我不能说考古比别的学科都有出息，但是我可以说这是一门比较年轻的学问，亟待解决的问题特多，人人有机会做突破性的贡献。同时，要考古一定要做田野工作，我想不出比田野考古更大的精神享受了。可是，换过来说，我也要警告他，你假如想发财，最好去做别的行业。”考古学是一门研究性极强的学科，对学历要求较高，且中国只有少数重点大学才开设考古专业。
Current State of the Field: Kwang-chih Chang once said: “First, I would like to congratulate him, because he has chosen a discipline with boundless prospects. I cannot say that archaeology has better prospects than every other discipline, but I can say that it is a relatively young field, with an especially large number of urgent problems to solve, and everyone has a chance to make groundbreaking contributions. At the same time, doing archaeology necessarily involves fieldwork, and I cannot think of any greater intellectual pleasure than field archaeology. On the other hand, however, I must also warn him: if you want to get rich, you would do better to enter another profession.” Archaeology is a highly research-oriented discipline with relatively high educational requirements, and only a small number of key universities in China offer archaeology programs.
我国现在社会政治稳定，经济发展迅速，社会不断进步，进一步的改革开放更将为考古学的发展注入新的生机和活力。
Our country’s society and politics are currently stable, its economy is developing rapidly, and society continues to progress. Further reform and opening up will bring new life and vitality to the development of archaeology.
行业前景：工作好找，就是环境苦了点。如果你要进入好的大学学习考古来说，还是非常有前途的，一般来讲，学考古这个专业有两条路可走，一个是毕业后分配到工地工作，环境既艰苦，又没有出头之日。第二条就是考研，以后不仅仅是容易找到工作，而且单位都不错，什么考古所、文物局之类的，工资照拿，收入还不低。所以学考古就一定要考研才能有出路。
Career Prospects: Jobs are easy to find; the working conditions are just a little harsh. If you enter a good university to study archaeology, the prospects are still very promising. Generally speaking, there are two paths for archaeology students. One is to be assigned to work at a field site after graduation, where conditions are difficult and there is no opportunity to get ahead. The second is to pursue postgraduate study: afterward, not only is it easy to find a job, but the employers are also good, such as archaeology institutes and cultural heritage bureaus. You receive a regular salary, and the income is not low. Therefore, if you study archaeology, you must pursue postgraduate study to have a future in the field.
岗位分析：我自己的分析逻辑能力强，我希望我能担任有一些分析性的环节的岗位，例如分析甲骨文的构造。
Job Analysis: My analytical and logical abilities are strong. I hope to take a position that involves some analytical work, such as analyzing the structure of oracle bone script.
行业趋势分析：考古学家的就业区域极广，在实际找工作的过程中不用考虑地区的约束，较为自由，可以游览天南海北，十分惬意。
Analysis of Industry Trends: Archaeologists can find employment across a very wide geographical area. In actually looking for work, there is no need to worry about regional restrictions. There is considerable freedom, and one can travel all over the country, which is very pleasant.
实施计划——计划完善行动
Action Plan: Refined Planning for Action
高中阶段：积极参加集体活动，认真学习，掌握扎实的基础知识。除了学习之外，要积极参加集体活动和锻炼身体，身体是革命的本钱，只有一个健康的身体才能做自己想做的事情。
High School: Take an active part in group activities, study conscientiously, and acquire a solid foundation of knowledge. Apart from studying, actively participate in group activities and exercise. Health is the foundation for all our endeavors: only with a healthy body can we do what we want to do.
大学阶段：积极参加社会实践活动、青年志愿者活动及社团的各种活动，提高自己的社会实践能力和人际交往能力。努力学习专业文化知识，积极参加见习活动。
University: Actively participate in social practice, youth volunteer activities, and various club activities to improve my practical social skills and ability to interact with others. Work hard to acquire knowledge in my field and actively participate in observational placements.
工作阶段：参与考古实践，在见习和实习中积累田野经验，关注时事热点及各大高校的考古研究信息；积极参加各种关于考古学的讲座与学术活动，不断磨练自己。
Working Life: Participate in archaeological practice and accumulate field experience through observational placements and internships. Follow current affairs and information about archaeological research at major universities. Actively attend lectures and academic activities on archaeology, continually honing myself.
结束语：
世界上没有不可逾越的高度，只有不敢超越的念头。人在无法改变厄运时，要学会接受它，适应它，忘记它。我们没必要把昨天的烦恼放在岁月的银行里储蓄起来，而把利息取出用在今天。做自己喜欢的事，做自己擅长的事，对着蓝天许个心愿，阳光就会走进来。
Conclusion:
There is no height in this world that cannot be surpassed, only a mind that does not dare to surpass it. When we cannot change misfortune, we must learn to accept it, adapt to it, and forget it. There is no need to deposit yesterday’s worries in the bank of time and withdraw the interest to spend today. Do what you like and what you are good at; make a wish to the blue sky, and sunlight will come in.
当我们遭遇某种不好的影响时，我们所能做的是：最好使自己静下来，接受它，然后说忘记。担忧就是用昨天的问题来浪费今天的时间，从而揉碎明天的机会。如果你心里有一个小小的爱好和大大的梦想，很可能在某一天，他就会实现。生活不是你在哪儿放个门槛，就可以从哪儿过去，你要转个弯，去寻找生命的出口。成功是给有准备的人！
When something affects us badly, the best thing we can do is calm ourselves, accept it, and then say we will forget it. Worrying means wasting today’s time on yesterday’s problems and thereby crushing tomorrow’s opportunities. If you have a small interest and a big dream in your heart, that dream may very well come true one day. Life does not let you pass through wherever you choose to put a threshold; you have to turn a corner and find a way out for your life. Success is for those who are prepared!
我，为自己代言！！
I speak for myself!!
8、我对长征的评价、感受、想法 My Assessment, Reflections, and Thoughts on the Long March
正如毛主席所说，“长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。长征是以我们胜利、敌人失败而告终”。中国工农红军的伟大长征，向民众播撒了马克思共产主义的革命种子，间接松动了国民党反动派的统治根基，为中国革命不断从胜利走向胜利提供了强大精神动力。它所表现的是中国共产党人和人民军队革命风范的生动反映，是中华民族自强不息的民族品格的集中展示，是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神的最高体现。
As Chairman Mao said, “The Long March is a manifesto, the Long March is a propaganda team, and the Long March is a seeding machine. The Long March ended in our victory and the enemy’s defeat.” The great Long March of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army sowed the revolutionary seeds of Marxist communism among the people, indirectly weakened the foundations of the reactionary Kuomintang’s rule, and provided a powerful spiritual impetus for the Chinese revolution to advance from victory to victory. It vividly reflects the revolutionary spirit of Chinese Communists and the people’s army, brings together the Chinese nation’s character of unremitting self-improvement, and is the highest expression of the national spirit centered on patriotism.
老一代革命家用他们的鲜血和坚韧不拔的意志铸就了新中国，它向全中国和全世界宣告，中国共产党是一支不可战胜的力量。我为生活在这伟大且富强的祖国而自豪。
The veteran revolutionaries forged New China with blood and iron will, declaring to the world that the Communist Party of China is invincible. I take pride in living in this magnificent, prosperous motherland.
学习长征单元文学作品的意义：1.从这些文学作品中我们可以耳濡目染地感受到当年革命前辈的精神和雄姿。2.我们可以身临其境地了解当时的历史，理解它的伟大意义。3.通过对这些文学作品的学习来培养我们的爱国心，激发出我们对伟大的祖国的自豪感。
Significance of Studying Long March Literature: 1. Immersing in the heroism of revolutionary forebears; 2. Reliving history to grasp its monumental import; 3. Cultivating patriotism and pride in our motherland.
在当时的历史条件下长征能避免吗？我认为不能。
Could the Long March have been avoided under historical conditions? In my view, no.
外部原因有：1.从中原军阀混战后蒋介石集团对南方根据地和红军的态度看，他们决心剿灭红军，因此红军难以再在南方存在和发展2.九一八事变后，救亡图存是全国人民的共同要求，民族斗争的需要决定了党领导的南方红军必须实行战略大转移，从南方转移到北方的抗日前线；3.从中国革命战争的战略来看，为了避免在不利时机与敌人决战，红军必须实行战略转移，以免在敌人进攻时使自己在军事上、政治上处于被动地位。
External Causes: 1. Judging by the Chiang Kai-shek group’s attitude toward the southern revolutionary bases and the Red Army after the Central Plains warlords’ fighting, they were determined to wipe out the Red Army, making it difficult for the army to survive and develop further in the south. 2. After the September 18 Incident, saving the nation from destruction became the common demand of the entire population. The needs of the national struggle required the southern Red Army under the Party’s leadership to make a major strategic relocation from the south to the northern front of resistance against Japan. 3. From the strategic perspective of China’s revolutionary war, the Red Army had to relocate to avoid a decisive battle with the enemy at an unfavorable time and prevent itself from being placed in a passive position militarily and politically when the enemy attacked.
因此，红军长征是一次战略大转移，是从敌人力量比较大的南方农村转移到敌人力量相对较弱的北方农村，这是由中国革命的特点和规律所决定的。
Thus, the Long March was a strategic transfer from southern countryside under heavy enemy control to northern rural areas where enemy forces were weaker—dictated by the laws of China’s revolutionary struggle.
内部原因有：1.革命地盘缩小，到1934年9月，中央根据地由原来的35个县缩小到只剩瑞金、兴国等几个县，这就使红军没有回旋的余地；2.由于敌人的经济封锁和王明的“左”倾经济政策，导致根据地经济濒临崩溃的境地，使红军缺乏在根据地继续坚持斗争的物质条件；3.由于苏区面积缩小和人口锐减，使红军兵员得不到补充，只有突围向外发展。
Internal Causes: 1. Revolutionary territory had shrunk: by September 1934, the Central Revolutionary Base had contracted from its original 35 counties to just a few, including Ruijin and Xingguo, leaving the Red Army no room to maneuver. 2. The enemy’s economic blockade and Wang Ming’s “Left”-leaning economic policies brought the base’s economy close to collapse, depriving the Red Army of the material resources needed to continue its struggle there. 3. The shrinking area and sharply declining population of the Soviet regions prevented the replenishment of Red Army troops, leaving no option but to break out and expand elsewhere.
9、狼专题学习之《狼图腾》：人们对狼是充满崇拜的 Thematic Study on Wolves in Wolf Totem: Humanity’s Deep Reverence for Wolves
《狼图腾》是一部以狼为叙述主体的小说。故事写的是主人公陈阵和他的朋友作为知青下放到内蒙古额伦草原，陈阵认草原上最有威望的老人毕利格做阿爸，并跟着他学了很多关于草原的知识，特别是草原上的狼的故事， 他对草原民族崇拜的狼图腾产生了浓厚的兴趣，书中也记述了陈阵他们亲身经历的关于狼的故事，他们所体会到的草原民族对狼和腾格里（天）的崇拜的感情和狼的睿智坚毅等值得人学习的品质以及草原牧民在与狼和自然抗争过程中积累的智慧。
Wolf Totem is a novel with wolves as its central subject. It tells the story of Chen Zhen and his friend, who are sent as educated youths to the Olon grassland in Inner Mongolia. Chen Zhen takes Bilig, the most respected elder on the grassland, as his father figure and learns much from him about the grassland, especially stories about its wolves. He develops a keen interest in the wolf totem revered by the grassland peoples. The book also records Chen Zhen and his companions’ firsthand experiences with wolves: the grassland peoples’ reverence for wolves and Tengger (Heaven) that they encounter, the wolves’ wisdom, perseverance, and other qualities worth learning from, and the wisdom accumulated by herders in their struggles with wolves and nature.
草原人在死后会把尸体运到特定的地方，供狼吃掉。他们认为只有这样做，死后才能到腾格里（天）享福，才能回到腾格里的怀抱，在文化大革命以前，蒙古大草原上的牧民就是用这种方式下葬的，这是他们对腾格里、对天的崇拜。目前这种传统在内蒙和蒙古已很少见了。
When grassland people die, their bodies are taken to a particular place for wolves to eat. They believe that only in this way can they enjoy blessings in Tengger (Heaven) after death and return to Tengger’s embrace. Before the Cultural Revolution, herders on the Mongolian grasslands buried their dead in this way, expressing their reverence for Tengger, for Heaven. This tradition is now rarely seen in Inner Mongolia or Mongolia.
《全球通史》：狼给人类提供了包括军事学、民族学、民族关系学、历史学和文化人类学等等价值。狼是突厥系民族和蒙古等民族的图腾，阿尔泰民族的另一支东胡也敬畏狼。汉史载，古代突厥系民族高车认为他们是一个美丽匈奴公主和一匹狼的后代。而乌孙的祖先则传说是婴儿和母狼阿史那的后代。 草原人从古至今一直崇拜狼图腾。古代匈奴等少数民族信奉狼图腾，匈奴的首领也自称狼，于是人们便称他们为狼。
A Global History: Wolves provide humanity with value in military studies, ethnology, the study of ethnic relations, history, cultural anthropology, and other fields. Wolves are totems of Turkic peoples, Mongols, and other peoples; the Donghu, another branch of the Altaic peoples, also revered wolves. Han historical records state that the Gaoche, an ancient Turkic people, believed themselves to be descendants of a beautiful Xiongnu princess and a wolf. The ancestors of the Wusun, meanwhile, were said to be descendants of an infant and a she-wolf named Ashina. Grassland people have revered the wolf totem from ancient times to the present. Ancient minority peoples such as the Xiongnu believed in the wolf totem, and Xiongnu leaders called themselves wolves, so others called them wolves too.
草原狼具有强悍进取、团队协作、顽强战斗和勇敢牺牲的习性，影响了草原民族的精神性格；蒙古人的生存技能和军事才华，是在同草原狼长期不间断的生存战争中锻炼出来的；而且，狼又是草原战马的培训师，狼对马群的攻击，把蒙古马逼成了世界上最具耐力和最善战的战马。
Steppe wolves’ habits of fierce initiative, teamwork, tenacious fighting, and courageous sacrifice influenced the spirit and character of the grassland peoples. Mongols’ survival skills and military talents were developed through prolonged, unceasing struggles for survival against steppe wolves. Wolves were also the trainers of grassland warhorses: their attacks on horse herds forced Mongolian horses to become the world’s most enduring and battle-ready warhorses.