西马文选 2016-2018 Selected Writings from Xima 2016–2018 第 04 篇 Section 04
功能性文字 Functional Writing
返回 西马文选 2016-2018 Back to Selected Writings from Xima 2016–2018本文目录 Contents
10、2018年阳光少年得奖词 Acceptance Speech for the 2018 Sunshine Youth Award
嗨，大家好。我是初二（2）班的PZX。其实，大家可能已经早就认识我了，我就是那些常在行政楼书吧读书的人之一。我对阅读有着浓厚的兴趣。在阅读中，我开拓了视野，陶冶了情操，学习大家思想。我现在担任班级中副班长一职，学习成绩优异，多次获得学习能手称号，竞赛奖项。我希望我在接下来的学习生活中，能继续努力，不忘初心，做最出色的自己。
Hi, everyone! I’m PZX from Class 2, Grade 8. Many of you might already know me—I’m one of those frequenting the administration building’s book bar. Passionate about reading, books expand my horizons, nurture my spirit, and teach me great minds’ philosophies. Serving as class vice-monitor, I maintain top academic standing, garnering academic excellence awards and competition honors. Moving forward, I shall persevere, remain true to original aspirations, and become the finest version of myself.
座右铭：高峰只对攀登它而不是仰望它的人来说才有真正意义。
Motto: The peak holds true meaning only for those who scale it, not those who merely gaze upon it.
11、学习是一件乐事（班会演讲稿） Learning Is a Joy (Class Meeting Speech)
为了迎接考试，我放弃休息时间，集中精力复习，结果功夫不负有心人，我获得了年级第一的好成绩。当时我非常高兴。学习，对我们每个人来说都是苦乐交织的。因为学习是一个研究和发现的过程，需要克服困难，刻苦努力。也正是在这个过程中，我们不断地发现自身的潜能，获得一种不断超越自己的快乐。
To prepare for the exams, I gave up my rest time and concentrated on revision. My efforts paid off: I achieved first place in my year. I was very happy at the time. For each of us, learning involves both hardship and joy, because it is a process of inquiry and discovery that requires overcoming difficulties and working hard. It is also through this process that we continually discover our own potential and experience the joy of continually surpassing ourselves.
中国古代教育家孔子早就指出：“知之者不如好知者，好知者不如乐知者”学而时习之，不亦说乎。就是说学习有三种境界，从低到高依次为知学、好学、乐学。一个人要想学有所成，就必须达到乐学的境界。所谓乐学就是不把学习看作一种负担，一种痛苦，一种被迫的行为，而是把学习看成自己生活中必不可少的一部分，认为学习是一件心甘情愿的事，是一件愉快的事，从而在学习中体验到一种积极、愉快的情感，对学习达到痴迷的程度。
The ancient Chinese educator Confucius pointed out long ago: “Those who know it are not as good as those who love it; those who love it are not as good as those who delight in it.” “Is it not a pleasure to learn and practice what one has learned from time to time?” This means that learning has three levels, from lowest to highest: knowing, loving learning, and delighting in learning. To achieve something in one’s studies, one must reach the level of delighting in learning. This means seeing learning not as a burden, a source of suffering, or a forced activity, but as an indispensable part of one’s life, something willingly and happily undertaken. In this way, one experiences positive and pleasant emotions in learning and becomes deeply fascinated by it.
英国教育家斯宾塞认为，教育应当是快乐的，快乐的情感状态有利于学生的智慧活动；爱因斯坦更认为：“在学校里和在生活中，工作最重要的动机是乐趣，是工作获得结果时的乐趣。”因此，如果一个学生对学习发生了兴趣，那么他就会自觉地、能动地、持续地、努力地克服困难，钻研学问。
Herbert Spencer argued education must be pleasurable to foster intellectual vigor; Einstein affirmed: “The most important motive for work in school and in life is pleasure in work, pleasure in its result.” Cultivating intellectual curiosity empowers students to overcome obstacles consciously, energetically, and persistently.
12、论学校是否允许中学生携带智能手机 On Whether Schools Should Permit Middle School Students to Carry Smartphones
正方：允许 （我方） 反方：反对
Affirmative: Permit (Our Side) | Negative: Oppose
反方理由——知己知彼，百战不殆
Arguments Against: Know Yourself and Your Opponent, and You Can Fight a Hundred Battles Without Defeat
影响学生良好素质的形成。（素质）手机短信中的“灰色信息”、“黄色信息”危害学生心理健康。部分学生利用手机进行考试作弊，败坏了考风、学风，部分学生上非法网站，聊微信，谈恋爱，对学生良好质量的形成带来了严重危害。
It affects the development of good personal qualities in students. (Character) “Gray-area” and sexually explicit information in text messages harms students’ mental health. Some students use phones to cheat in exams, damaging standards of conduct in exams and study; some visit illegal websites, chat on WeChat, and pursue romantic relationships, seriously harming the development of good personal qualities.
事例：清华毕业生成为社会混混
Example: A Tsinghua graduate becoming a hoodlum
干扰了正常的教学秩序。（秩序）有些学生在上课期间利用手机玩游戏；有些学生在晚上就寝时，互发短信、聊天、看电子书或电影、播放音乐等，严重影响个人和同学休息；甚至有个别学生用手机联系校内外人员组织打架斗殴或其他违纪活动，严重影响了校园的正常学习、生活等秩序。
It disrupts normal teaching. (Order) Some students play games on their phones during class. Others exchange text messages, chat, read e-books, watch films, or play music at bedtime, seriously affecting their own rest and that of their classmates. A few even use phones to contact people inside and outside school to organize fights or other disciplinary violations, seriously disrupting normal study and daily life on campus.
事例：河南高校影响正常学习
Example: Normal study being disrupted at higher-education institutions in Henan
手机辐射影响学生身体健康，引发一系列安全问题。（健康安全）手机长期的辐射对学生的身体发育不利，青少年的免疫系统比成人要脆弱，所以更容易受辐射影响。手机辐射会对青少年脑部神经造成损害，引起头痛，记忆力减退和睡眠失调。充电器的集中使用，使得部分线路负荷过大，有的学生为给充电器充电，违规在教室、寝室私拉乱接电源，极易引发火灾事故，这给学校安全工作带来了极大隐患。
Mobile-phone radiation affects students’ physical health and causes a series of safety problems. (Health and safety) Long-term radiation from phones is unfavorable to students’ physical development. Adolescents’ immune systems are more fragile than adults’, making them more susceptible to radiation. Mobile-phone radiation can damage nerves in adolescents’ brains, causing headaches, memory loss, and sleep disorders. Using many chargers together overloads some circuits. To power their chargers, some students make unauthorized electrical connections in classrooms and dormitories, which can easily cause fires and create major risks for school safety.
事例：煮鸡蛋，白内障，Iphone8炸裂
Examples: Boiling eggs, cataracts, an iPhone 8 exploding
只有打印卷子和查邮箱的时候才可能用到计算机，更何况是手机呢，这样就可以看出区别了吧。目前的中国教育系统里面，需要手机的情况寥寥无几。打包票的说95%的学生带手机并不是为了与家人有更好的联系或者查题之类的。（无用）
Computers might only be needed for printing test papers and checking email, let alone phones—doesn’t that make the distinction clear? In China’s present education system, there are very few situations in which a phone is needed. I would confidently say that 95% of students who bring phones do not do so to keep in better contact with their families or look up answers to questions. (Lack of usefulness)
首先要注意的是问题的范围：“是否允许中小学生带手机上学”。这就限定了学校这个场所，而在学校以外的地方，比如家里也可以使用，所以这样的禁令并不影响学生接触学习新鲜事物。（不影响）
First, note the scope of the question: “Should primary and secondary school students be allowed to bring phones to school?” This limits the discussion to school. Students can still use phones elsewhere, such as at home, so a ban of this kind does not prevent them from encountering and learning about new things. (No such restriction)
一旦允许中小学生带手机上学，必定会重新刮起攀比炫富之风。引发孩子要攀比而家长不予满足造成的家庭悲剧。学校规定校服，限制发型，都是为了孩子们有一个平等的学习环境，防止孩子们过早地被贴上家庭背景的标签。禁止带手机，也是为这个。此外，青少年使用手机还容易产生攀比心理，给家庭带来经济负担，学生使用手机每年消费在500元左右，并影响学生良好的价值观的形成。（攀比、经济）
Once primary and secondary school students are allowed to bring phones to school, a wave of competitive consumption and displays of wealth will inevitably return, causing family tragedies when children want to keep up with others and parents refuse to satisfy them. School uniforms and hairstyle restrictions are intended to give children an equal learning environment and prevent them from being labeled by their family backgrounds too early. Banning phones serves the same purpose. In addition, adolescents’ phone use can easily encourage comparisons and impose financial burdens on families. Students spend around 500 yuan a year on phone use, which also affects the development of sound values. (Competitive consumption and finances)
事例： 贫困家庭为了给孩子买一个苹果手机而不惜卖肾，有的少女为了贪图享乐而去当“援交女”
Examples: Poor families going so far as to sell a kidney to buy a child an iPhone; some teenage girls becoming involved in compensated dating in pursuit of pleasure
另一方面，孩子们一天8个小时在学校，大家面对面，没有任何必要使用手机。而过分沉溺于刷网络又削弱了同学之间面对面的交流。（社交）
On the other hand, children spend 8 hours a day at school, where everyone is face to face and there is no need to use phones. Excessive absorption in browsing online also reduces face-to-face communication between classmates. (Social interaction)
事例：人们之间的关系越来越冷淡，同学之间的话题越来越少，人与人之间的感情正在降温。
Examples: Relationships between people becoming increasingly distant, classmates having fewer and fewer topics to discuss, and people’s feelings for one another growing colder
正方理由——化险为夷，迎刃而解
Arguments in Favor: Turning Danger into Safety and Resolving Difficulties Readily
自控力是慢慢培养起来的。你大学以前各种打压，好么，有的人一进大学就“堕落”了。做家长的能管孩子一辈子？我觉得真就应该从中学开始带手机，慢慢培养自控力，慢慢引导孩子明白什么叫自我控制，中学课业耽误了赶上来很容易，大学耽误了真的很难办的。（培养自控力，解决方法）
Self-control develops gradually. If you impose all kinds of restrictions before university, well, some people “go off the rails” as soon as they enter university. Can parents control their children for their entire lives? I think students really should start carrying phones in secondary school, gradually developing self-control and being guided to understand what it means. It is easy to catch up if one falls behind in secondary-school work; falling behind at university is much harder to deal with. (Developing self-control; a solution)
事例：高考状元大学挂科挂到退学
Example: Gaokao top scorers flunking out of university
你可以说用手机会让学生分心，影响学习，但这是一个让大家学会管理的机会。学会管理时间，加强自制力不正是学校应该给予学生的一个技能嘛？即是无论学校如何规定，家长才是决定性因素如何正确引导的问题，所以说这就是自己的事，学校顶多是个辅助作用。禁了手机其实真不能让不学习的孩子好好学习啊。
You can say that phones distract students and affect their studies, but this is an opportunity for everyone to learn how to manage themselves. Aren’t time management and greater self-control skills that schools should teach? In fact, whatever rules schools set, parents are the decisive factor: the question is how they guide their children properly. This is therefore a matter for the individual and family, with schools playing at most a supporting role. Banning phones really cannot make children who do not want to study start studying properly.
单纯的禁止是解决不了问题的。我们应引导学生树立一个正确的手机使用观念，设置一个手机寄存处，培养学生的自制力，让手机尽最大可能发挥它的优势，难道不比说教、严禁等一刀切的方法好多么？毕竟学校不是只教你做题的地方，而更是一个教你管理自己的地方。（引导而非禁止，反驳2，3，4）
Prohibition alone cannot solve the problem. We should guide students toward a sound understanding of phone use, establish a place where phones can be deposited, develop students’ self-control, and allow phones’ advantages to be used as fully as possible. Isn’t that much better than one-size-fits-all approaches such as lecturing and strict bans? After all, school is not just a place that teaches you to solve test questions; it is even more a place that teaches you to manage yourself. (Guidance rather than prohibition; rebuttals to 2, 3, and 4)
事例：鲧和禹的治水
Example: Gun and Yu’s efforts to control the floods
互联网以及相关的思维、生产生活方式等必将在未来占据人类生活的重要地位。甚至说在可以预见的将来随着无纸化的进程各种数码产品一定会成为人类学习的一部分。对于计算机与互联网的整体感知和运用的基本思想在未来是非常重要的一种素质（互联网思维），手机是未来互联网的重要入口（通过手机从互联网中通以各种方式得到的知识在本人的成长中是至关重要的）。（与时俱进，反驳5，6）
The internet and the associated ways of thinking, producing, and living will certainly occupy an important place in human life in the future. Indeed, in the foreseeable future, as we move toward a paperless world, digital devices of various kinds are bound to become part of learning. An overall understanding of computers and the internet, and the basic ways of thinking about their use, will be very important qualities in the future—an internet-oriented way of thinking. Phones are an important gateway to the future internet. The knowledge I have obtained in various ways from the internet through my phone has been crucial to my own development. (Keeping up with the times; rebuttals to 5 and 6)
事例：2016人工智能元年，我们学校的“大数据理念”
Examples: 2016 as the first year of artificial intelligence; our school’s “big-data concept”
手机在学习生活中超有用的。直接省了我两本大厚字典~查资料和单词简直不要再爽。里面的闹钟等一些实用小工具，可以随时使用。手机的拍摄功能，可以随时拍下一些有意义有价值的东西。当学生外出游玩或在其他地方遇到危险时可以及时向家长，老师或警察求助。学生可以通过手机及时与家长联系，也可以向老师汇报学习等。（实用工具，立论，设伏）
Phones are incredibly useful in school life. Mine has directly saved me from needing two thick dictionaries—looking up information and words couldn’t be easier. Practical little tools such as alarms are available whenever needed. The camera lets us photograph meaningful or valuable things at any time. If students encounter danger while out on a trip or elsewhere, they can promptly seek help from parents, teachers, or the police. They can use phones to contact their parents promptly and report to teachers about their studies. (Practical tool; establishing the argument; laying groundwork for later arguments)
我个人认为大势所趋的事就不要去遏制孩子了，如果只有她没有手机会被同学排斥在社交圈外的。孩子青春期的人际关系对孩子将来性格的塑造有很大影响。我会尽量满足孩子在同龄人中基本的生活、精神需求。与以前同学多交流，可以保持原有的友谊；与现在同学多交流，可以增进友谊，遇到疑难问题时，可以用手机进行讨论。这方面太苛刻孩子和太娇惯孩子都不太好。（社交需求，反驳8）
Personally, I think that when something is an inevitable trend, we should not keep children from it. If a girl is the only one without a phone, her classmates will exclude her from their social circle. Children’s interpersonal relationships during adolescence have a strong influence on their future personalities. I would try to meet my child’s basic material and emotional needs among their peers. More contact with former classmates can preserve existing friendships; more contact with current classmates can deepen friendships, and difficult questions can be discussed by phone. Being either too strict or too indulgent with children in this respect is not very good. (Social needs; rebuttal to 8)
事例：易患自闭症
Example: Greater susceptibility to autism
如果害怕这些，最好的方式就是让孩子永远别出家门，别接触社会，现实社会比上面说的更可怕。文具好坏不是攀比？衣服不是攀比？父母不能拒绝吗？如果说父母同意了，那就是父母而不是手机的问题！（反驳1，7）
If you fear these things, the best approach would be never to let children leave home or encounter society, because the real world is more frightening than what has been described above. Can’t the quality of stationery become a subject of comparison? What about clothes? Can’t parents refuse? If parents agree, then the problem lies with the parents, not the phone! (Rebuttals to 1 and 7)
我认为孩子最好的教育方式不是制定制度告诉他什么能做什么不能做，而是让他清楚的知道他所做的每一件事情都会有什么样的结果，遇到这些结果他会付出什么样的代价，以及产生这种代价时作为一个成熟的家长应该怎么正确的引导孩子去面对这些代价所带来的负面效应。（培养好奇心，反驳2）
I think the best way to educate a child is not to lay down rules telling them what they can and cannot do, but to help them clearly understand the consequences of everything they do and the costs they will have to bear. When those costs arise, a mature parent should guide the child properly in facing their negative effects. (Developing curiosity; rebuttal to 2)
事例：教化犯人
Example: Educating and reforming prisoners
国内没有任何一条法律规定我国公民不能在学校这一公共场所携带和使用手机，小学生也是公民。学校只能规定上课以及教学期间学生使用手机需要得到老师的允许；学校需要引导教育学生如何使用手机。学校不得越线，学生自己或是家长给学生配备什么样的手机，这都是个人自由。（法律，补充反驳）
No law in this country stipulates that Chinese citizens may not carry and use phones in a public place such as a school; primary-school pupils are citizens too. Schools can only require students to obtain a teacher’s permission to use phones during lessons and other teaching activities. Schools need to guide and educate students in how to use phones. They must not overstep their bounds: the kind of phone students obtain for themselves, or parents provide for them, is a matter of personal freedom. (Law; supplementary rebuttal)
使用手机可以体现独特个性，增添生活情趣。手机作为通信领域里的弄潮儿，它较高的科技含量、较短的更新周期、新颖的流行设计，成为学生追逐时尚、体现生活品味的追求，因而增添了生活情趣。
Using a phone can express a distinctive personality and add enjoyment to life. As trendsetters in communications, phones have a high level of technology, short replacement cycles, and innovative, fashionable designs. They have become something students pursue to follow fashion and express their taste, thereby adding enjoyment to life.
小结：其实主要决定于一点：就是学生的自控能力。
Summary: In fact, it mainly comes down to one thing: students’ capacity for self-control.
自控能力强的学生与老师、家长联系，有些隐私话题，可通过手机短信形式沟通：自控能力差的学生拿手机聊天、上网、玩游戏。
Students with strong self-control contact teachers and parents, and can discuss some private topics through text messages. Students with poor self-control use their phones to chat, browse the internet, and play games.
为了多交话费不好好吃饭，影响健康；禁不住暧昧、欺诈短信诱惑等等必然会影响学习和休息，甚至会患上“手机依赖症”，时不时看手机，把所有心思放在手机上，严重分散了注意力。
Not eating properly in order to spend more on phone bills harms health. Being unable to resist flirtatious or fraudulent messages will inevitably affect study and rest, and may even lead to “mobile-phone dependency”: constantly checking the phone and concentrating all one’s thoughts on it, which seriously fragments attention.
因此，学生在使用手机时，应掌握尺度，适可而止，让它的优点大于缺点。一般高中以下的学生建议尽量不要带手机，因为高中的学生自控能力相对比较薄弱，而且学习任务又比较重。
Therefore, students should exercise restraint and moderation in using phones, allowing their advantages to outweigh their disadvantages. Generally, students below senior-high-school level are advised to avoid bringing phones as far as possible, because senior-high-school students have relatively weak self-control and a heavy academic workload.
所以最好在上大学后开始携带手机，随着年龄的增长以及知识的进步，逐步拥有一定的自控能力，将手机用在有利的地方，还是有一定的好处的。
It is therefore best to start carrying a phone after entering university. As students grow older and gain knowledge, they gradually acquire a degree of self-control; using phones for beneficial purposes still has certain advantages.