广陵集 2020 Diligent Studies in Guangling 2020 第 09 篇 Section 09
八月 浅论围棋的艺术价值 August: On the Artistic Value of Go
返回 广陵集 2020 Back to Diligent Studies in Guangling 2020“象棋像数学题，只存在唯一解（当然有时也可一题多解），答不到这一解就会吃亏；围棋像作文题，不存在人类意义上的最优解（未来AI可能达到，那就是另一个话题了），人类很难完全判断清楚一步棋的得失大小。”——8.13结论
“Xiangqi (Chinese chess) is like a math problem: there exists only a single optimal solution (though sometimes admitting multiple variations); fail to find that move and you suffer a loss. Go is like an essay prompt: there exists no optimal solution in the human sense (future AI might achieve it, but that is another topic), and humans can scarcely calculate the exact gains and losses of every move.” — August 13 Conclusion
这几日娱乐时，常常会与同学交战围棋，也会观战象棋，体会到了围棋独特的魅力。在同学们的眼里，似乎很少有人把围棋看作一门学问，一门艺术的，而大多都看作是一种高级的“游戏”，这是过于片面的看法，所以今天我就尽我绵薄之力来略微讲一讲围棋的艺术色彩吧。
During recreation over the past few days, I often contested games of Go with classmates and observed Xiangqi, experiencing Go’s unique charm. In the eyes of my classmates, few seemed to view Go as a discipline or an art form, regarding it mostly as an advanced “board game.” This is far too one-sided a view, so today I shall contribute my modest effort to illuminate the artistic dimensions of Go.
这是最常见的标准19•19路棋盘，也是唯一正式棋盘。有同学曾问我为什么是361个点，19•19，不能是其他。我们当然可以浪漫地认为是为了和古历一年的天数361天一一对应，这与尧创围棋一样是历史的美丽所在，但我更认为这是古人在无数次实践中找出的最优选，再往上，21•21角与边的关系过于疏松，而类似于13•13的小棋盘则过于注重边角的经营，忽视中腹。如果说象棋是两军对垒的短兵相接，那么围棋就像是运筹帷幄的张良子房一般。
This is the standard 19x19 grid, the only official board for Go. Classmates have asked why there are 361 intersections, 19x19, and not some other number. We can romantically imagine it as corresponding to the 361 days of the ancient calendar, which like the legend of Emperor Yao inventing Go constitutes part of the game’s beauty; yet I believe it represents the optimal configuration discovered through countless experiments by the ancients. Any larger, such as 21x21, and the relationship between corners and sides becomes too loose; a smaller board like 13x13 overemphasizes corner and side territory while neglecting the center. If Xiangqi is a clash of two armies in hand-to-hand combat, Go is like Zhang Liang devising grand strategies within the tent of command.
围棋当初用来教育丹朱，重要的一点就是高瞻远瞩的眼光以及大局观，这也是每个现代人应该学会的。
When Go was originally employed to educate Danzhu, a crucial objective was instilling far-sighted vision and a comprehensive grasp of the whole board—qualities every modern individual ought to cultivate.
在战斗方面，围棋也不是一味地简单吃子。我的围棋老师曾经有一次这样批评我：你把他这一块这样子费尽千辛万苦吃掉了，你有没有看到外面已经全被白棋围起来了呢？舍得舍得，这种这个古代的名谚在围棋上原原本本地体现着。
In tactical combat, Go is by no means a simplistic matter of capturing stones. My Go instructor once admonished me: You expended immense effort to capture this group, but have you noticed that the outside has been completely surrounded by White? “To gain, one must yield”—this ancient proverb is embodied verbatim on the Go board.
此外，棋盘棋子的天圆地方，黑白棋代表的阴阳，贴目带来的所谓“平衡”，甚至于古代著名的“还棋头”规则，无不体现着围棋的人文主义倾向，与大自然的有机结合。
Furthermore, the round stones upon the square board symbolizing heaven and earth, black and white embodying Yin and Yang, komi delivering mathematical balance, and even the ancient huan qitou rule—all reflect Go’s deep humanistic spirit and its organic harmony with nature.
上世纪日本超一流棋手“美学棋士”大竹英雄先生曾经出版过一本专著《围棋美学》，他曾试图用美感的棋形判断棋下的好坏。现在这一观点当然过时，但其美学价值仍不可轻视。我看到在b站上，毕导曾用“变化繁多的完全信息博弈”形容围棋，但围棋的千变万化任何一个人类都不可能精通，所以这不只是所谓的比拼算力，而是比拼对围棋更好的“抽象思维”，把棋形下漂亮就是一个近乎完美的尝试，也更接近于围棋的真谛。
In the last century, Japan’s super-elite professional, the “Aesthetic Go Master” Hideo Otake, published a dedicated treatise titled Go Aesthetics, attempting to evaluate moves by the elegance of their shape. Today this approach is obsolete in competitive terms, yet its aesthetic value cannot be dismissed. On Bilibili, creator Bi Dao once described Go as a “complete information game of kaleidoscopic variations.” Yet no human can master Go’s infinite mutations; thus it is not merely a contest of raw calculation, but a duel of superior abstract thinking—crafting beautiful shapes on the board is an inspired endeavor, and draws closer to the true essence of Go.
我们要注意的是，围棋的艺术色彩与它鲜明的竞技色彩是不相悖的，而是观察一件事物的两个角度。所以围棋既有柯洁等一流竞技棋手，又有许多文人墨客修习，这一切都组成了欣欣向荣的围棋界！围棋，真不愧是高雅者的游戏。
We must recognize that Go’s artistic dimension and its fierce competitive nature are not mutually exclusive, but two lenses through which to view a single wonder. Thus Go boasts world-class competitors like Ke Jie alongside scholars and poets who cultivate the art, together forming a thriving Go universe! Go is truly the game of the refined.
愿围棋在AI的指引下越来越好！
May Go flourish ever brighter under the guidance of AI!