广陵集 2020 Diligent Studies in Guangling 2020 第 04 篇 Section 04
三月 从荒诞到反抗——加缪：从《局外人》到《鼠疫》 March: From the Absurd to Rebellion—Albert Camus: From The Stranger to The Plague
返回 广陵集 2020 Back to Diligent Studies in Guangling 2020周国平在讲述加缪荒诞文学时，提出加缪一直在通过他的作品写他自己思想的反抗，加缪心中那座小城里的人在荒诞的生活里努力反抗，赢得新的生活。
When discussing Albert Camus’s literature of the absurd, Zhou Guoping suggested that Camus consistently chronicled the rebellion of his own thought through his works: the inhabitants of the small city in Camus’s mind strive to rebel against an absurd existence, seeking to win a new life.
故事发生在阿尔及尔，人们“千篇一律”的生活着，小职员默尔索无意中杀了一个阿拉伯人，本应该可以从轻判刑，而却因为一系列上纲上线的道德绑架，最终以法兰西人民的名义判为死刑。默尔索身为受害者，实际上并没有意识到是什么杀了他，相反，他无比信任这个“完备的司法体系”。当故事最后那个神父欲图强迫默尔索皈依上帝时，加缪借爆发的默尔索之口吐露出其对社会荒诞性的思考：“所有的人无一例外都会被判处死刑，幸免不了。”
The story takes place in Algiers, where people lead “monotonous, uniform” lives. The clerk Meursault inadvertently kills an Arab; he ought to have received a lenient sentence, yet through a barrage of high-handed moral posturing, he is ultimately condemned to death in the name of the French people. As a victim, Meursault never truly comprehended what was executing him; on the contrary, he trusted implicitly in this “complete judicial system.” When the priest at the end attempts to coerce Meursault into converting to God, Camus vents through the exploding Meursault his reflection upon the absurdity of society: “Every single person, without exception, will be condemned to death; none can escape.”
加缪着力描写这个社会对人性迫害的荒谬，体现了其深邃的思考与其身为一个伟大作家对人性的关怀。
Camus focused intently on depicting the absurdity of society’s persecution of human nature, reflecting his profound contemplation and his compassionate care for humanity as a great author.
不可否认的是，默尔索全部所作所为都仅限于思考和领悟，他毕竟是一个无为的悲剧人物。而《鼠疫》当中，加缪让一场鼠疫作为导火索，一群积极的、有为的人们开始借此反抗荒谬的社会。
It is undeniable that all of Meursault’s actions were confined merely to thought and comprehension; he was, after all, a passive, tragic figure. In The Plague, however, Camus used a pestilence as a catalyst, prompting a group of proactive, committed individuals to rise up in rebellion against an absurd society.
里厄医生这一人物，宛如黑暗里的一抹白光，照亮通向光明的方向。这个城市里的其他人，依旧是那个荒谬社会的仆从。可以说，里厄医生是加缪思想的代言人，加缪希望能有一个“知不可为而为之”的大无畏的人物带领人们进行反抗。作者不惜笔墨讴歌里厄医生，同时凸现出了全书的命题，也是加缪思想的结晶：“人到底要不要反抗，反抗必定会牺牲幸福，而若牺牲幸福，反抗似乎就失去了它的意义。”加缪的答案显而易见。
The character of Dr. Rieux is like a beam of white light piercing the darkness, illuminating the road to illumination. The other inhabitants of this city remain servile functionaries of that absurd society. One could say Dr. Rieux is the spokesperson for Camus’s thought: Camus yearned for a fearless figure who “acts even knowing the endeavor is impossible” to lead people in rebellion. The author spared no ink in eulogizing Dr. Rieux, simultaneously throwing into relief the central thesis of the novel and the crystallization of his philosophy: “Must humankind rebel? Rebellion inevitably demands the sacrifice of happiness, yet if happiness is sacrificed, rebellion seems to lose its very meaning.” Camus’s answer is unmistakable.
朗贝尔是这个议题的代表人物，他一开始想让里厄医生开具证明出城，并认为人人都有追逐爱情的权利，其后他在所爱和所肩负的使命中矛盾，他的矛盾是人的价值体现。
Rambert is the representative figure of this dilemma: initially he pleaded with Dr. Rieux to issue a certificate allowing him to flee the city, asserting that every person has the right to pursue love; subsequently, he agonized between the woman he loved and the mission on his shoulders—his inner conflict embodies the true value of being human.
小说的尾声，加缪在大团圆的假象中抒写出大悲。城门打开，朗贝尔见到爱人突然到来，一面分不清自己是否激动，一面又暂且忘却了痛苦，紧紧与爱人拥抱在了一起。经历了一番大劫，这个社会是否片刻后就会忘记这悲伤与痛苦，转而重回到这荒诞的生活中去？大概谁也无法说清他们经历了这么多苦难和幸福是为了什么。
At the novel’s conclusion, Camus inscribed an immense sorrow beneath the illusion of a happy ending. When the city gates opened and Rambert saw his lover arrive unexpectedly, he could scarcely tell whether he felt elated, yet momentarily casting aside his suffering, he held her in a fierce embrace. Having weathered such an ordeal, will this society forget its sorrow and anguish in a heartbeat, lapsing back into its absurd existence? Perhaps no one can truly articulate why they endured so much agony and joy.
兜兜转转，也许这个社会的本质就是荒谬，然而加缪指引我们向反抗的路前行。毕竟没有反抗过，终究不会在苦难与幸福中愈发接近生活的真相。
After all the turns and detours, perhaps the essence of this society remains absurd; yet Camus points us forward onto the path of rebellion. For without having rebelled, one will never draw closer to the truth of life amidst suffering and joy.