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2027
AI 与资源 AI & Resources Sp.03 AI & Resources Sp.03 第 02 篇 Section 02
资源网站：知识开源是伟大的 Resource Websites: Opening Knowledge to All
返回 AI 与资源 AI & Resources Sp.03 Back to AI & Resources Sp.03本文目录 Contents
- 1. 第 1 层｜内容与知识公地（非营利治理 + 开放许可） Tier 1: Content and Knowledge Commons (Nonprofit Governance + Open Licensing)
- 2. 第 2 层｜软件与工具公地 Tier 2: Software and Tool Commons
- 3. 第 3 层｜数据与学术公地 Tier 3: Data and Scholarly Commons
- 4. 第 4 层｜部分开放的平台 Tier 4: Partially Open Platforms
- 5. 第 5 层｜社区共创型商业平台 Tier 5: Commercial Platforms Built by Their Communities
- 6. 第 6 层｜影子图书馆与无授权传播 Tier 6: Shadow Libraries and Unauthorized Distribution
选自《AI 与资源 AI & Resources Sp.03》 · 第 02 篇From AI & Resources Sp.03 · Section 02
分类说明： 以下是个人整理的资源地图。“开放”同时考察治理方式、开放许可、数据可获得性和平台控制权，不简单等同于“免费”。
Classification note: The following is a personal map of resources. “Openness” takes into account governance, open licensing, data availability, and control over the platform; it is not simply synonymous with “free of charge.”
资料状态： 本节涉及组织性质、许可证和法律争议等客观事实。本轮只整理 Markdown，尚未逐条补齐官方来源；对外引用前仍需核验。
Source status: This section includes factual claims about organizational status, licenses, and legal disputes. This revision only organizes the Markdown; official sources have not yet been supplied for every entry. These claims still need to be verified before being cited elsewhere.
第 1 层｜内容与知识公地（非营利治理 + 开放许可） Tier 1: Content and Knowledge Commons (Nonprofit Governance + Open Licensing)
| 条目 Entry |
领域 Field |
开放要点 Key Aspects of Openness |
|---|---|---|
| Wikimedia 全系 The Wikimedia ecosystem |
百科、媒体、古籍、结构化数据 Encyclopedias, media, historical texts, and structured data |
开放许可，可完整下载数据库转储 Open licenses; complete database dumps are available for download |
| Project Gutenberg | 电子书 E-books |
志愿者数字化公版书籍 Volunteers digitize books in the public domain |
| LibriVox | 有声书 Audiobooks |
公版朗读，录音进入公有领域 Readings of public-domain works; the recordings enter the public domain |
| OpenStax | 教材 Textbooks |
非营利、同行评审、开放许可 Nonprofit, peer-reviewed, and openly licensed |
| Openverse | 图片/音频检索 Image/audio search |
仅索引公版与 CC 许可素材 Indexes only public-domain and Creative Commons-licensed material |
| Freesound | 音效 Sound effects |
CC 系许可共享 Shared under Creative Commons licenses |
| OpenGameArt | 游戏素材 Game assets |
开放许可贴图、音乐、模型 Openly licensed textures, music, and models |
| Arch Wiki | 技术文档 Technical documentation |
社区维护，质量溢出到非 Arch 用户 Community-maintained; its quality also benefits people who do not use Arch |
| AO3 | 同人作品 Fanworks |
501(c)(3) 非营利、无广告；站点代码 otwarchive 以 GPL-2.0-or-later 授权 A 501(c)(3) nonprofit without advertising; its otwarchive site code is licensed under GPL-2.0-or-later |
| Internet Archive | 全类型存档 Archives across media types |
非营利治理；但馆藏本身多数非开放许可，借阅业务存在法律争议 Nonprofit governance; however, most holdings are not openly licensed, and its lending operations face legal disputes |
第 2 层｜软件与工具公地 Tier 2: Software and Tool Commons
| 条目 Entry |
开放要点 Key Aspects of Openness |
|---|---|
| GNU/Linux 自由软件生态 The GNU/Linux free-software ecosystem |
源码、修改权、再分发权全部归使用者 Users have access to the source code and the rights to modify and redistribute it |
| Blender / GIMP / Krita | 同上，创作工具端的对应物 The same principles, applied to creative tools |
| F-Droid | 只收录 FOSS 应用，仓库可自建 Includes only free and open-source software (FOSS) apps; repositories can be self-hosted |
| 用户脚本生态（Greasemonkey / Violentmonkey / Greasy Fork） The userscript ecosystem (Greasemonkey / Violentmonkey / Greasy Fork) |
Violentmonkey 为 MIT 开源；Greasy Fork 要求脚本源码可读 Violentmonkey is open source under the MIT license; Greasy Fork requires readable script source code |
第 3 层｜数据与学术公地 Tier 3: Data and Scholarly Commons
| 条目 Entry |
开放要点 Key Aspects of Openness |
|---|---|
| OpenStreetMap | ODbL 开放数据库许可，数据可整体下载 Licensed under the Open Database License (ODbL); the complete dataset can be downloaded |
| arXiv | 非营利、免费获取；但论文版权归作者，并非全部开放许可 Nonprofit and free to access; however, authors retain copyright, and not all papers carry open licenses |
| OpenAlex | 完全开放的学术知识图谱 A fully open scholarly knowledge graph |
| CORE | 聚合机构库与 OA 论文 Aggregates institutional repositories and open-access papers |
| DOAJ | 开放获取期刊索引 An index of open-access journals |
第 4 层｜部分开放的平台 Tier 4: Partially Open Platforms
| 条目 Entry |
开放的部分 What Is Open |
未开放的部分 What Is Not Open |
|---|---|---|
| Modrinth | 前后端、API、启动器均自由许可 The frontend, backend, API, and launcher are all under free licenses |
主站运营仍中心化 Operation of the main site remains centralized |
| Pocket Casts | 移动客户端已开源 The mobile clients are open source |
后端服务 Backend services |
| Telegram | 客户端 Clients |
服务端不可自建互联，不构成联邦网络 Independent servers cannot be self-hosted and interconnected; it is not a federated network |
| Stack Exchange | 文本内容开放许可，有数据转储 Text content has an open license, and data dumps are available |
平台为商业公司，转储政策已多次收紧 The platform is commercially owned, and its data-dump policy has been tightened repeatedly |
| itch.io | 创作者定价与发布自主权强 Creators have considerable autonomy over pricing and publishing |
平台私有 The platform is privately owned |
| Hugging Face | 模型、数据集可共享复用 Models and datasets can be shared and reused |
平台私有 The platform is privately owned |
第 5 层｜社区共创型商业平台 Tier 5: Commercial Platforms Built by Their Communities
用户创造绝大多数价值，生产资料仍归企业。
Users create the vast majority of the value, while the means of production remain in corporate hands.
| 条目 Entry |
领域 Field |
说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| GitHub | 代码协作 Code collaboration |
为开源提供超级基础设施，平台本身非公地 Provides major infrastructure for open source, but the platform itself is not a commons |
| 论坛 Forums |
2023 年 API 收费事件已证明其可收回性 The 2023 API pricing controversy demonstrated that access can be withdrawn |
|
| 百度贴吧 Baidu Tieba |
论坛 Forums |
早期近似公地，历史内容已大规模不可访问 Resembled a commons in its early years; large portions of its historical content are now inaccessible |
| V2EX | 技术社区 Technology community |
同类中较克制，仍为私有站点 Comparatively restrained among its peers, but still a privately owned site |
| SoundCloud | 音乐 Music |
降低传播门槛，非公有资源库 Lowers barriers to distribution, but is not a public resource repository |
| Substack | 写作 Writing |
同上 The same applies |
| Bandcamp | 音乐 Music |
更公平的创作者市场，不是免费共享 A fairer marketplace for creators, rather than free sharing |
| Figma | 设计 Design |
完全专有 Entirely proprietary |
| Steam 创意工坊 Steam Workshop |
游戏 MOD Game mods |
依附于封闭平台 Depends on a closed platform |
| Nexus Mods | 游戏 MOD Game mods |
独立站，但平台私有、下载分级 An independent site, but privately owned and with tiered downloads |
第 6 层｜影子图书馆与无授权传播 Tier 6: Shadow Libraries and Unauthorized Distribution
| 条目 Entry |
领域 Field |
说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Anna’s Archive | 元索引 Meta-index |
聚合下列多数资源，是上游节点而非并列项 Aggregates most of the resources below; it is an upstream node rather than a parallel entry |
| Z-Library | 电子书 E-books |
— |
| LibGen（Library Genesis） LibGen (Library Genesis) |
电子书/论文 E-books/papers |
— |
| Sci-Hub | 论文 Research papers |
— |
| RuTracker | 综合 BT General-purpose BitTorrent |
— |
| 磁力猫等 BT 索引站 BitTorrent index sites such as Cilimao |
种子索引 Torrent indexes |
与 BitTorrent 协议本身严格区分 To be clearly distinguished from the BitTorrent protocol itself |
| 汉化组 / 字幕组 Chinese localization groups / fansub groups |
翻译 Translation |
无授权二次创作，共同体属性最强 Unauthorized derivative work, with the strongest community character |
| missav | 盗版成人视频 Pirated adult videos |
纯粹的无授权分发，无任何公地属性 Purely unauthorized distribution, with none of the characteristics of a commons |